Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a technique to treat stones in kidney and ureter that does not require surgery, instead high energy shock waves are passed in the body to break the stones in smaller pieces like small sand grains comes out of the body while urinating.
Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is an endoscopic surgery to remove kidney stones located in upper ureter and small kidney stones. In recent technological developments RIRS has emerged as a safe, reliable and very efficient method to remove small kidney stones.
Uretroscopy (URS) is a form of minimally invasive surgery to remove small to medium sized kidney stones located in any part of the urinary tract. In this ureteroscopy, small telescope is passed through the urethra and into the ureter to remove a stone.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive procedure to remove stones located in upper ureter and kidney that are too large for other forms of kidney stone removal treatment such as shockwave, lithotripsy or ureteroscopy